Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) and may include paid advertising.

• SPARC AI is expanding its push into the U.S. public safety market with GPS-independent target acquisition and navigation technology designed for drones and other autonomous systems.
• The company has established a dedicated U.S. Federal and Public Safety team focused on customer engagement, demonstrations, evaluations, systems integration and government procurement pathways.
• The new team is intended to help move Overwatch from field evaluations toward operational adoption across law enforcement, border security, search and rescue, disaster response and critical-infrastructure missions.

SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) is developing software designed to give drones and other autonomous systems targeting and navigation capabilities without relying on GPS. As interference and denial become increasingly relevant across defense and public-safety environments, the company is positioning its technology around a straightforward challenge: maintaining accurate positioning and target acquisition when conventional satellite navigation is unavailable or unreliable.

SPARC AI’s technology portfolio includes a Target Acquisition System designed to determine the geolocation of visible objects using camera telemetry and advanced mathematical modeling. Its SPARC AI Mobile technology extends those capabilities to handheld devices, allowing operators to identify and transmit coordinates to connected drones, while its GPS-Denied Navigation technology supports mission planning and execution without GPS.

These capabilities are brought together through Overwatch, the company’s mission-ready platform for real-time classification, detection, tracking, target acquisition and navigation. The software-based system is designed to provide autonomous systems with positioning and targeting capabilities in environments where GPS signals may be limited or unavailable.

Building a Path from Evaluation to Deployment

The technology itself is only one part of the commercialization challenge. For government and public-safety customers, moving from a successful demonstration to operational deployment can require field testing, integration, procurement support and continued engagement with end users.

SPARC AI is now building infrastructure around that process.

The company recently announced the establishment and initial buildout of a dedicated U.S. Federal and Public Safety team focused on expanding Overwatch within government and mission-critical markets. The team will advance customer engagement, coordinate field demonstrations and evaluations, develop relationships with systems integrators and OEM partners, support government procurement pathways and help convert successful Overwatch evaluations into operational adoption.

It will also work with SPARC AI’s engineering and integration teams to incorporate operator feedback and mission requirements into product-development priorities.

The company has secured a senior commercial leader to oversee federal and public-safety sales while coordinating capabilities across integration engineering, customer engagement and government contracting support.

Targeting GPS-Denied Missions

The team’s initial focus includes law enforcement and border security, disaster response, search and rescue, and critical-infrastructure monitoring. These applications share a common requirement: teams may need accurate positioning and target information even when GPS is unavailable, unreliable or disrupted.

SPARC AI’s software-only approach is designed to address that challenge without requiring specialized hardware or external data feeds. By using camera telemetry, mathematical modeling and software-based processing, the company aims to provide positioning and target-acquisition capabilities across existing platforms.

For public-safety organizations, that could be particularly relevant when infrastructure is damaged, communications are degraded or satellite-navigation signals cannot be trusted.

The opportunity also extends beyond individual drones. If Overwatch can be integrated across different robotic platforms and operational environments, the same underlying technology could potentially support a range of missions requiring accurate positioning and target acquisition without dependable GPS.

Moving Toward Broader Adoption

The establishment of the Federal and Public Safety team represents a step forward in SPARC AI’s commercialization strategy. The company is not only demonstrating what GPS-independent technology can do, but also building the customer, integration and procurement infrastructure needed to support adoption.

That distinction is important in defense and public safety, where a successful technology demonstration does not automatically translate into operational deployment. Systems must meet mission requirements, integrate with existing workflows and platforms, and navigate established procurement processes.

SPARC AI’s new team is designed to support that transition while feeding operator feedback back into product development.

As drones and autonomous systems become increasingly important to surveillance, reconnaissance, emergency response and security operations, the ability to maintain reliable positioning outside conventional GPS environments could become increasingly valuable.

SPARC AI is positioning Overwatch around that challenge while building a dedicated U.S. organization to pursue federal and public-safety opportunities. If the company can convert evaluations into repeatable operational deployments, the initiative could mark an important transition from technology validation toward broader adoption.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• Following completion of the initial phase of its collaboration with OmniAb, VERAXA will engineer the final VXA-222 candidate and conduct the preclinical validation needed to determine the program’s next development steps.
• VXA-222 uses an “AND-gate” approach designed to recognize two tumor-associated antigens simultaneously before delivering its therapeutic payload.
• The company has separately filed its first patents related to its BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC platforms while expanding protection around antibody conjugation and payload technologies.
• The company is building a diversified oncology pipeline spanning bispecific T-cell engagers, ADCs, and other engineered antibody formats.

VERAXA Biotech (NASDAQ: VRXA), an emerging leader in designing novel cancer therapies, has moved its VXA-222 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate program into the next stage of development after completing the initial phase of its collaboration with OmniAb, giving the biotechnology company a new development milestone while it continues expanding the intellectual-property estate underpinning its antibody technology portfolio.

According to a Yahoo Finance report, VERAXA will now take the antibody binders generated through the OmniAb collaboration and use its own antibody engineering, linker and conjugation technologies to construct the final VXA-222 candidate. The company will then conduct in vitro and in vivo studies as part of the preclinical validation process (https://ibn.fm/jR6JV).

The development update comes as VERAXA pursues a broader oncology strategy that includes antibody-drug conjugates, T-cell engagers and engineered antibody formats. VERAXA’s corporate materials outline a technology-focused approach to antibody therapeutics, with the company developing programs both around its proprietary BiTAC platform and through other antibody-engineering technologies.

The VXA-222 program originated from a collaboration with OmniAb that began in May 2025. Under the arrangement, OmniAb applied its antibody-discovery capabilities to generate therapeutic antibody binders suitable for development into a bispecific ADC.

OmniAb’s contribution included its OmniClic(TM) transgenic chicken technology, which is designed to generate common-light-chain antibodies that can be used in bispecific therapeutics. The discovery program produced a portfolio of human antibody candidates that underwent affinity maturation.

With that phase completed, responsibility for the next stage shifts to VERAXA. The company plans to combine the selected binders with its proprietary antibody engineering, linker and conjugation technologies. The objective is to produce the final bispecific antibody-drug conjugate candidate and then evaluate its performance through laboratory and animal studies.

VXA-222 is designed around an “AND-gate” mechanism. Instead of relying on recognition of a single tumor-associated antigen, the bispecific molecule is intended to recognize two separate targets simultaneously. The rationale is that requiring both targets to be present could increase selectivity for cancer cells while reducing exposure to healthy tissue. 

The VXA-222 milestone coincides with another area of activity that is particularly relevant to a development-stage biotechnology company: intellectual property. On July 29, VERAXA announced its first patent filings covering its newest BiTAC technology platforms, including BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC programs.

The filings cover more than individual drug candidates. According to the company, the applications include composition-of-matter claims, proprietary payload technologies and elements of the underlying antibody-engineering platforms. Additional intellectual-property work covers enabling technologies such as click chemistry and conjugation methods. VERAXA said certain patent applications involving these technologies have also completed their opposition periods.

The company now reports more than 50 granted patents that it either owns or exclusively licenses, spanning 26 patent families in 14 countries. Newly filed applications, if ultimately granted, are expected to extend protection for portions of its technology portfolio through at least 2047.

A significant portion of the company’s intellectual-property strategy is focused on its BiTAC platform. VERAXA describes BiTAC as a molecular architecture designed to increase tumor selectivity through dual-target recognition. The underlying concept is to require interaction with two cancer-associated targets before the therapeutic mechanism becomes active.

The company’s BiTAC-TCE approach applies this concept to T-cell engagers. The BiTAC-TCE approach splits a TCE into two complementary antibody components whereby each component alone retains the ability to bind its tumor target, but its CD3-engaging activity remains switched off. Full cytotoxic activity is triggered only when both components co-localize on a single cell, meaning a cancer cell that expresses both intended target antigens.

Its BiTAC-ADC approach uses two antibody components that independently deliver inactive components, which are intended to become therapeutically active through a specific click-to-release chemical reaction inside targeted tumor cells.

These approaches are being developed with the goal of limiting activity outside tumors while addressing technical considerations associated with conventional antibody-based therapies.

The broader antibody-drug conjugate market has attracted substantial pharmaceutical investment because ADCs combine the targeting properties of antibodies with potent therapeutic payloads. Bispecific formats add another layer by allowing a therapy to recognize multiple biological targets.

VERAXA’s strategy is therefore not dependent on a single molecular format. The company’s pipeline includes conventional and bispecific ADC programs alongside T-cell engagers and other engineered antibody candidates. 

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.Veraxa.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VRXA are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VRXA

• The United States sits on a significant coal resource base.
• FASForm produces six commercial outputs from a single coal input: diesel, naphtha, jet fuel, ammonium sulfate fertilizer, sulfuric acid and FASCarbon(TM).
• Frontieras is moving this technology from development into construction.

The Strait of Hormuz closure that began in late February 2026 removed more than 11 million barrels of Middle Eastern crude per day from global markets and sent Brent crude from roughly $62 a barrel in December 2025 to more than $117 by April 2026. Diesel and jet fuel wholesale prices are forecast to rise more than 60% in 2026 compared to preconflict projections. The disruption has made one argument hard to ignore: Energy systems built around imported feedstocks and foreign supply chains are exposed to risks that domestic production does not carry. Frontieras North America is a company built on exactly that premise. Its patented FASForm(TM) technology converts domestic coal into diesel, naphtha, jet fuel, hydrogen, FASCarbon(TM), ammonium sulfate fertilizer and sulfuric acid using a feedstock that is abundant, domestically produced and priced independently of global oil markets.

The United States sits on a significant coal resource base. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”), as of January 1, 2025, the country’s demonstrated reserve base contained approximately 468 billion short tons of coal, a resource larger than remaining U.S. natural gas and oil combined when measured by energy content. The country currently produces roughly 500 million short tons annually and has capacity well in excess of what combustion markets currently consume. That gap between what the ground holds and what existing applications use represents the core opportunity Frontieras is pursuing.

Coal has one property that makes it particularly useful as a feedstock for domestic fuel production: Its price does not move with crude oil. FASForm generates liquid transportation fuels from coal through a continuous thermal cracking and distillation process; no combustion, no water input, no CO2 is produced in the process itself. What is produced is 2.3 barrels of liquid fuels from each ton of coal processed, and because operating costs are independent of oil prices, margins grow as crude rises. In a market where diesel wholesale prices are surging past 60% above prior forecasts, a domestic fuel production system anchored to coal feedstock costs rather than Brent crude represents a structurally different risk profile.

FASForm produces six commercial outputs from a single coal input: diesel, naphtha, jet fuel, ammonium sulfate fertilizer, sulfuric acid, and FASCarbon, a low-sulfur industrial carbon product. None of these require foreign feedstocks or overseas processing. The fertilizer output is particularly timely. The same Strait of Hormuz disruption that spiked oil prices also cut off urea and fertilizer flows that pass through Middle Eastern shipping lanes, raising food-security concerns alongside energy-security worries. FASForm captures and repurposes the ammonia and sulfur compounds released during coal fractionation into ammonium sulfate fertilizer, a product with established domestic demand that, from a Frontieras facility, would be produced entirely within U.S. supply chains.

The process operates as a closed-loop system. Frontieras describes it as zero waste: The volatiles, moisture and contaminants extracted from coal during fractionation are captured and repurposed or sold to buyers or in the spot market rather than released. Sulfur is removed from the coal stream and converted into sulfuric acid. Mercury and arsenic are eliminated. And at the West Virginia facility, water extracted during fractionation will be filtered and returned to the Ohio River.

Frontieras is moving this technology from development into construction. In January 2026, West Virginia Governor Patrick Morrisey announced that Frontieras had closed on 183 acres in Mason County, where the company will build its first commercial-scale FASForm facility. The investment is estimated at $850 million. The company hosted a groundbreaking ceremony for the plant earlier this year and is moving forward with plans to build the facility.

“This groundbreaking marks a decisive step in the commercialization of FASForm and the return of serious industrial investment to America’s energy regions,” said Frontieras CEO and cofounder Matthew McKean. “We’re building a new class of energy infrastructure that extracts maximum value from domestic resources — profitably, at scale, and with a zero-waste design.” 

The West-Virginia project is expected to create more than 2,000 construction jobs and 200-plus permanent positions. Frontieras selected Mason County over competing sites in Texas and Wyoming, citing West Virginia’s infrastructure, logistics advantages and energy-friendly regulatory environment. 

Each FASForm facility is designed to process 7,500 tons of coal per day, or roughly 2.7 million tons annually. That represents approximately 0.5% of U.S. annual coal production per facility. The math suggests significant room for expansion without straining domestic supply. The company holds patents in nine countries across five continents, covering an estimated 85% of global coal markets. The technology’s combined addressable markets — spanning fuels, hydrogen, fertilizer and industrial chemicals — are estimated by the company at more than $2.1 trillion.

The broader energy policy environment is shifting in ways that favor this kind of domestic production model. The EIA’s June 2026 Short-Term Energy Outlook notes that disruptions to crude oil and refined product flows through the Strait of Hormuz have increased demand for U.S. supply. Deloitte’s 2026 oil and gas industry outlook identifies supply chain resilience as a defining priority, noting that ongoing disruptions are driving industries to favor domestic or nontariffed suppliers over lowest-cost foreign sourcing. Frontieras is producing fuels and materials from a feedstock that never leaves the country, a supply chain that geopolitical disruption cannot reach.

Coal’s value as an industrial feedstock has been largely bypassed in favor of its simpler use as a combustion fuel. Frontieras is built on the argument that this is a enormous missed opportunity. The company’s FASForm platform treats coal the way a refinery treats crude oil: as a complex hydrocarbon resource to be separated into its most valuable constituent parts. What comes out the other end is not emissions but products: fuel for trucks and aircraft, hydrogen for industrial processes, fertilizer for farms and carbon materials for manufacturing. These are markets the United States currently depends on foreign suppliers to fill. Frontieras is working to change that, from the ground up, using a resource the country already has in abundance. 

For more information about Frontieras, visit the company’s website at www.Frontieras.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to Frontieras are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/Frontieras

• WRAP is using newly raised $12 million in growth capital to support planned business expansion and accelerate development of its WrapShield(TM) platform.
• The company is connecting technologies spanning detection, response, training and evidence management as it expands beyond traditional law enforcement into enterprise, federal, defense and international markets.
• WRAP’s growing technology portfolio and strategic partnerships position WrapShield(TM) as an architecture designed to bring multiple public safety capabilities together under a unified platform.

Public safety agencies are increasingly confronting a technology environment in which detection, response, training and digital evidence must work together rather than operate as isolated systems. As agencies modernize their operations, the opportunity is expanding beyond individual products toward connected platforms capable of supporting multiple stages of the public safety workflow.

Wrap Technologies (NASDAQ: WRAP) is positioning itself around that shift through WrapShield(TM), an expanding technology architecture designed to connect detection, decision-making and proportionate response across public safety and security applications.

The strategy represents a broader evolution of WRAP’s business. The company’s portfolio includes BolaWrap(R) 150, WRAP Vision(TM), WRAP Tactics(TM) and WRAP Reality(TM), providing capabilities spanning non-lethal response, digital evidence management and officer training. Rather than treating these technologies as standalone offerings, WRAP is working to integrate them into a broader platform capable of addressing multiple operational requirements.

That strategy received additional financial support on Aug. 18, when WRAP closed an equity offering that raised approximately $12 million in growth capital from institutional investors. According to the company, the funds are intended for working capital and general business purposes, including planned expansion that may accelerate WrapShield(TM), scale its public safety business and support opportunities across enterprise safety, U.S. federal and defense markets and international markets.

The capital comes as WRAP expands the potential scope of WrapShield(TM) beyond traditional law enforcement. The company says the architecture is being developed to incorporate technologies including advanced remote sensing, passive RF detection, counter-UAS capabilities and emerging detection and response technologies. Its relationship with Frenel Imaging also provides access to thermal polarimetric imaging technology that WRAP says could support applications ranging from early threat detection and counter-UAS to public safety and critical infrastructure.

This broader approach could give WRAP multiple avenues for commercialization. Technologies developed for one environment may have applications across law enforcement, enterprise security, critical infrastructure, major-event protection and federal or defense markets, allowing the company to pursue opportunities beyond the traditional market for non-lethal policing equipment.

WRAP is also expanding its potential customer base beyond government agencies. The company’s developing relationship with XINSURANCE is intended to support opportunities in enterprise safety, private security and insurance-supported programs, potentially introducing WRAP’s technologies to commercial organizations with broader workforce and security requirements.

For investors, the significance of this strategy lies in the potential transition from a product-focused public safety company toward a more diversified technology platform. Hardware such as BolaWrap(R) 150 remains an important component, but combining response technologies with training, evidence management, sensing and software could create opportunities for deeper relationships with agencies and organizations.

WRAP’s recent financing provides additional resources as the company pursues that expansion. At the same time, the company’s reported second-quarter revenue momentum, expanding product portfolio and growing technology pipeline provide a foundation for its efforts to scale the business.

The evolution of WrapShield(TM) ultimately reflects a larger change taking place across public safety and security technology. Agencies, enterprises and government organizations are increasingly looking for systems capable of connecting information, trained personnel and appropriate response rather than relying on disconnected tools. By bringing together detection, evidence management, training and proportionate response, WRAP is positioning WrapShield(TM) to participate in that broader convergence while pursuing opportunities across public safety, enterprise, federal, defense and international markets.

For more information, visit the company’s website at Wrap.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to WRAP are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/WRAP

About / Disclaimer

This article was produced by IBN Editorial Staff and is intended for informational purposes only. It is not investment advice and should not be relied upon as the basis for any investment decision. Statements attributed to Wrap Technologies Inc. or its management, including any forward-looking statements regarding revenue growth, product development, or market opportunities, reflect the company’s views and are subject to risks and uncertainties; actual results may differ materially. Readers should conduct their own due diligence and consult a qualified professional. Additional company information is available at wrap.com.

Disseminated on behalf of SPARC AI Inc. (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) and may include paid advertising.

• GPS jamming and spoofing have evolved from isolated battlefield threats into a broader operational challenge for military and autonomous systems.
• SPARC AI’s software-first approach is designed to provide target acquisition and navigation capabilities without relying on GPS or active sensing hardware.
• Integrations with existing drone platforms and software ecosystems could allow operators to add GPS-independent capabilities without replacing entire fleets.

Modern militaries have built decades of doctrine around the assumption that satellite navigation would remain available when needed, but that assumption is increasingly being challenged in real-world operations. Drone operators can have clear video feed while the coordinates associated with that imagery have been corrupted by jamming or spoofing, creating what the defense industry has started calling targeting paralysis. SPARC AI (CSE: SPAI) (OTCQB: SPAIF) has spent years developing software designed to address this vulnerability, enabling drones and edge devices to acquire targets and navigate without depending on GPS.

The scale of the jamming and spoofing problem has grown well beyond isolated incidents. The war between Russia and Ukraine has become a live testing ground for electronic warfare, with jamming and anti-jamming systems deployed extensively across the battlefield. Ukraine has also developed a nationwide spoofing defense network known as Pokrova to help protect cities, energy infrastructure and military facilities. At the same time, Ukrainian forces are fielding GPS-independent visual navigation systems, illustrating how quickly alternatives to satellite positioning are moving from specialized capabilities toward practical battlefield requirements. The broader lesson is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore GPS denial is no longer simply a contingency that militaries prepare for; it is an operational reality that increasingly shapes how autonomous systems are designed and deployed.

United States defense planners are reaching a similar conclusion. In July 2026, the Air Force Research Laboratory committed $49.7 million to a program aimed at maturing alternative satellite navigation technologies through 2031, raising the importance of navigation capabilities that can operate when GPS is disrupted or unavailable. Investment at that scale reflects a shift in how militaries and public-safety agencies approach navigation, with GPS increasingly viewed not as an unquestioned default but as one input among several that can be degraded, denied or manipulated.

SPARC AI approaches that shift from the software side rather than through new hardware. Its core technology, called Spatial Predictive Approximation and Radial Convolution, is designed to turn sensors, cameras and smartphones into target coordinate acquisition systems. The company describes the technology as a zero-signature approach because it does not depend on radar, lidar or other active emissions that could reveal a platform’s position to an adversary. That software-first architecture could be particularly relevant as military and autonomous-system operators look for ways to add GPS resilience without rebuilding the hardware platforms already in service.

That architecture runs across a growing suite of products rather than a single application. The company’s Overwatch platform provides real-time detection, tracking and target acquisition for drones and autonomous systems operating in signal-contested environments. Its ATLAS module, designed for mission planning, performs visibility and line-of-sight simulations entirely in software, reducing the need for active sensing hardware traditionally associated with terrain mapping. SPARC AI Mobile extends the same capability to handheld devices, running on a defense-grade smartphone to provide offline GPS-denied navigation and camera-based target identification without a laser range finder. Together, the platforms illustrate SPARC AI’s broader effort to deliver GPS-independent capabilities across multiple layers of the autonomous and defense technology stack.

Interoperability has also been central to the company’s development strategy. SPARC AI has built a Universal API that allows organizations to integrate Overwatch directly into existing drone hardware, and has also integrated with QGroundControl, a widely used open-source ground station supporting drone systems built around the PX4 and ArduPilot autopilots. These integrations lower the barrier for operators seeking to add GPS-independent capabilities to existing fleets rather than replace them entirely. In a fragmented drone market, where operators may be reluctant to discard proven hardware simply to gain greater GPS resilience, a software layer that can work across existing systems could provide an important commercial advantage.

Software alone does not reach military and public-safety customers without a path to market, and SPARC AI has spent the past year developing that side of the business as well. Late in 2025, the company signed a nonexclusive reseller agreement with a defense integrator with more than four decades of experience and offices across Europe, the United States and Australia. The arrangement gives SPARC AI access to established procurement relationships in several strategically important markets and covers the company’s target acquisition systems, autonomous navigation technology and Overwatch platform.

More recently, SPARC AI added a second drone manufacturer in Ukraine to its Overwatch platform, following earlier integrations with a manufacturer in India and a partner working with defense officials in the United Arab Emirates. Beyond expanding the potential reach of the platform, deployments across different drone systems can provide additional real-world operating data that may help inform future software development. That practical exposure is particularly relevant in GPS-denied navigation, where performance under contested conditions ultimately matters more than laboratory demonstrations alone.

As governments and defense integrators increasingly treat GPS denial as a baseline planning consideration rather than an edge case, demand for navigation and targeting capabilities that can operate independently of satellite positioning could continue to expand. SPARC AI’s software-first, hardware-agnostic approach gives the company a way to participate in that transition without requiring operators to replace the underlying platforms already in service. Combined with integrations across existing drone ecosystems, international partnerships and growing exposure to real-world deployments, the company’s strategy reflects a broader move toward making GPS resilience an integrated capability rather than a specialized add-on.

For more information, visit the company’s website at https://sparcai.co.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to SPAIF are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/SPAIF

• VERAXA Biotech is changing how antibody-based therapies recognize and attack cancer cells, developing antibody-based cancer therapies with an emphasis on bispecific antibody-drug conjugates (“ADCs”) and T-cell engagers (“TCEs”).
• Its proprietary BiTAC platform uses a dual-targeting, “AND-gated” architecture designed to activate therapeutic effects preferentially at tumor sites.
• The company has advanced its lead BiTAC-TCE toward IND/CTA-enabling activities following cell-line development work and regulatory feedback from Germany’s Paul-Ehrlich-Institute.
• VERAXA’s VXA-222 bispecific ADC has moved beyond the initial discovery phase following completion of the antibody-discovery step with OmniAb.
• The company reported more than 50 granted owned or exclusively licensed patents across 26 patent families in 14 countries, alongside additional pending applications.

VERAXA Biotech (NASDAQ: VRXA), an emerging leader in designing novel cancer therapies, is advancing its oncology pipeline with a strategy centered on changing how antibody-based therapies recognize and attack cancer cells. The biotechnology company is developing bispecific antibody-drug conjugates, T-cell engagers and other engineered antibody formats, with its proprietary BiTAC technology providing the distinctive element of its approach.

The latest pipeline development involves VXA-222, a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate that has moved beyond the initial discovery phase following the completion of VERAXA’s collaboration with OmniAb. VERAXA is now responsible for engineering the final therapeutic candidate using antibody binders generated through the collaboration, followed by preclinical validation.

The program illustrates how VERAXA is applying its antibody-engineering capabilities beyond its BiTAC platform. VXA-222 is not itself a BiTAC candidate, but incorporates the company’s expertise in antibody engineering, linker technologies and conjugation.

The broader strategy is important because ADCs have become one of the most closely watched areas of oncology drug development. An ADC combines an antibody designed to recognize a cancer-associated target with a potent therapeutic payload. The objective is to direct that payload toward tumor cells while limiting exposure elsewhere in the body.

Bispecific ADCs extend that concept by recognizing two targets. VERAXA’s VXA-222 program is designed around this dual-targeting principle, with the intention of increasing tumor selectivity by requiring recognition of two tumor-associated antigens.

The company’s more distinctive approach is BiTAC, or Bi-targeted Tumor-Associated Cytotoxicity. Rather than simply placing two targeting functions into one conventional bispecific molecule, VERAXA separates the therapeutic mechanism into complementary components.

The underlying concept is an “AND gate.” Therapeutic activity is intended to become functional when both components encounter the appropriate targets on the same cancer cell. The company believes this could help distinguish tumor cells carrying both markers from healthy cells carrying only one. 

That distinction addresses one of the persistent challenges in antibody-based oncology: on-target, off-tumor toxicity. A cancer-associated antigen may also occur on healthy tissue, meaning that targeting the antigen alone can limit the dose that can safely be administered. By requiring two biological signals, VERAXA is attempting to make tumor recognition more selective.

The company has generated early experimental data supporting the concept. At the 2026 American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, VERAXA reported that its lead BiTAC-TCE candidate attacked cells displaying both target molecules while sparing cells expressing only one. The company said the candidate demonstrated matching efficacy and a superior safety profile compared with a conventional TCE in the reported studies.

BiTAC is being applied to both TCEs and ADCs. In a BiTAC-TCE, separate components are designed to establish T-cell-engaging activity only after the required tumor targets are encountered. In a BiTAC-ADC, VERAXA is pursuing a different implementation in which complementary components enable selective activation of a cytotoxic payload inside targeted tumor cells.

The company reported proof-of-concept data for its BiTAC-ADC platform in June. In vitro experiments showed discrimination between breast cancer and healthy cells and dose-dependent killing of three-dimensional tumor spheroids.

The development program is now moving closer to the regulatory-development stage. In July, VERAXA announced that it had initiated cell-line development with ATUM for its lead BiTAC-TCE program, supporting planned IND/CTA-enabling activities. VERAXA subsequently received Scientific Advice from Germany’s Paul-Ehrlich-Institute concerning the biological rationale and proposed non-clinical development plan for the program. 

The company is also using computational tools to support its pipeline. In July, VERAXA announced a collaboration with Ardigen intended to apply artificial intelligence and bioinformatics to the selection of cancer target pairs for future BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC candidates.

Intellectual property is another component of the strategy. VERAXA said in late July that it had filed its first patent applications specifically covering its newer BiTAC-TCE and BiTAC-ADC platforms, while previously granted patents covering supporting technologies had cleared opposition periods. The company reported more than 50 granted owned or exclusively licensed patents spanning 26 patent families in 14 countries. VERAXA said pending applications are expected, if granted, to extend protection for portions of its core technology portfolio through at least 2047.

The portfolio also extends beyond BiTAC. VERAXA has additional ADC programs and VXA-901, an Fc-enhanced FLT3-targeting monoclonal antibody for acute myeloid leukemia. The company has indicated that certain assets are available for partnering as it concentrates resources on its newer platform technologies.

The company became publicly traded on NASDAQ in June 2026, following completion of its business combination with Voyager Acquisition Corp. The transaction was accompanied by a $27.5 million senior secured note and a securities purchase agreement providing for up to $50 million to support development of its pipeline.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.Veraxa.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to VRXA are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/VRXA

• American Fusion, developing commercially viable small scale fusion technology, has appointed John Gerdin as an independent director and strategic advisor, adding nearly three decades of international finance and capital-markets experience, and Niclas von Schantz as a strategic advisor focused on brand strategy, commercialization, go-to-market planning, and international market development.
• The appointments come as American Fusion advances engineering and testing of its Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM) platform.
• Gerdin’s experience includes corporate finance, capital formation, strategic partnerships, and international investor engagement.
• Von Schantz brings more than 25 years of commercialization experience spanning more than 100 brands and 50 markets, including work with Caterpillar, Vattenfall and Uponor.

American Fusion(TM) (OTC: AMFN), a developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, is strengthening its corporate and commercial capabilities with two senior appointments as the company advances development of its Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM). On Aug. 10, the company appointed John Gerdin to its Board of Directors as an independent director and strategic advisor, followed two days later by the appointment of Niclas von Schantz as a strategic advisor for brand, commercialization and international market development.

The appointments address different parts of the company’s development agenda. 

Gerdin joins the board with nearly three decades of experience in international finance, financial structuring and cross-border advisory work across Europe, Asia and North America (https://ibn.fm/jiZzS).

His professional background includes work with emerging-growth companies, institutional investors, family offices and private-banking clients. His advisory experience has included capital formation and financial structuring for private companies, as well as evaluation of technology businesses at research and development stages.

That experience is particularly relevant to American Fusion(TM) as it seeks to develop the financing and corporate structure that could eventually support commercialization of Texatron(TM).

Gerdin has served as Head of International Business and Growth at Recon Group AI since 2023 and previously worked as a senior consultant to Kepler Aerospace from 2015 through 2025. He has also held portfolio-advisory roles with Zurich-based Belmont Equity, First Swiss and Strategic Capital Partners.

As an independent director, his responsibilities will extend beyond advisory work. American Fusion(TM) said its board determined that Gerdin meets its independence criteria, with his board role expected to cover corporate governance, corporate finance, capital formation and long-term business strategy.

His appointment also comes as American Fusion(TM) works toward its stated objective of progressing to the OTCQB Market and, over the longer term, potentially qualifying for a national or regional exchange listing. Any such move remains dependent on applicable listing requirements and market conditions.

“American Fusion represents one of the most compelling advanced-energy opportunities I have encountered during my career. The combination of breakthrough engineering, disciplined intellectual property development, strong corporate leadership, and an ambitious long-term commercialization strategy creates a unique platform for growth,” Gerdin stated. “I am honored to join the Board of Directors and serve as a Strategic Advisor, and I look forward to helping the company build relationships with investors and strategic partners throughout Europe, Asia, and North America as American Fusion continues executing its vision.”

Von Schantz brings more than 25 years of experience in brand strategy, commercialization, and market development, working with more than 100 brands across more than 50 markets. His experience spans industrial technology, energy, automotive, infrastructure, and other sectors where complex products must be translated into understandable commercial propositions (https://ibn.fm/z8W4N).

His previous assignments have included strategic work for Caterpillar, including CAT Zeppelin in Sweden, and approximately five years of rebranding and product-launch work with Vattenfall. He has also worked with Mazda Sweden, Uponor Infrastructure, Nilfisk and ACCO Brands.

Von Schantz’s executive experience includes serving as Brand Chief Officer of Götessons Design Group from 2020 to 2024, where he led brand and communications strategy for nine brands operating across more than 50 markets. He also co-founded GSIGN Gaming and served as Global Market Manager and Brand Strategist for listed Swedish food-technology company EatGood.

At American Fusion(TM), his mandate will center on brand architecture, market positioning, commercialization strategy, go-to-market planning and international market development. The company has specifically highlighted Europe as an area of focus. Unlike Gerdin, von Schantz will not serve on the board. His role is consulting-based and does not include corporate governance or oversight responsibilities.

“American Fusion is working on a technology with the potential to change how distributed power is delivered, and that kind of opportunity demands clarity. My work has always been about finding where the real commercial opportunity sits, building a position around it, and making something complex easy to understand and easy to choose,” von Schantz said. “I look forward to helping American Fusion define that position and take it to market internationally.”

The appointments come against the backdrop of American Fusion’s(TM) development of the Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM), an aneutronic fusion platform being developed for modular, infrastructure-grade applications.

The company’s approach differs from the conventional magnetic-confinement model associated with tokamaks. Rather than relying on magnetic fields to confine an extremely hot deuterium-tritium plasma, the Texatron(TM) concept is designed around aneutronic fusion and direct energy conversion, in which the kinetic energy of charged fusion products can potentially be converted directly into electrical energy.

American Fusion(TM) says the system is being developed around two non-radioactive fuels and that radiation detection and diagnostic instrumentation are incorporated throughout its engineering and testing program. The company has reported no measurable radiation during its testing activities to date.

The potential applications identified by the company include distributed, behind-the-meter electricity for power-intensive facilities and infrastructure. Those markets could eventually include data centers, industrial operations, defense installations, mining operations, hospitals and water infrastructure.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN

• Many mid-market manufacturers cannot access the capital needed to build, retool or expand their facilities.
• A few factors tend to separate reshoring projects that get financed from those that stall.
• Market Street Capital is built to help manufacturers solve the multi-instrument structuring problem.

U.S. manufacturing is in the middle of a reshoring wave. Companies are moving production back to the United States, driven by supply chain resilience needs, CHIPS Act-adjacent demand and a broader push to reduce reliance on China. According to the Reshoring Initiative’s 2024 Annual Report, more than 2 million manufacturing jobs have been announced in the United States since 2010 through reshoring and foreign direct investment, including approximately 244,900 announced in 2024. 

But announcements are outpacing financing. Many mid-market manufacturers cannot access the capital needed to build, retool or expand their facilities. Closing that gap usually means stacking several financing tools together rather than relying on a single lender. This is where firms such as Market Street Capital play a role, helping manufacturers assemble the right mix of capital.

Reshoring projects strain conventional financing for a few reasons. New or retrofitted facilities are expensive. Specialized equipment adds cost, and revenue often lags well behind construction. Many of the companies riding this wave are mid-market suppliers, not the large primes capturing headline federal awards. For example, a 2023 CHIPS for America funding opportunity targets semiconductor materials and manufacturing equipment supplier projects with capital investment below $300 million. Availability and terms of federal programs change; figures are as of August 2026. Even so, many smaller suppliers still struggle to access that funding directly.

Banks also tend to be cautious. They are wary of funding speculative capacity expansion without long-term contracts already secured. A higher-rate environment adds to the difficulty of sizing a single loan against an uncertain ramp-up period. As a result, sponsors typically need to blend senior debt, equipment financing, and working capital lines rather than lean on one facility.

Senior term debt funds the core capital expenditure of a project. It is sized against projected earnings once the facility is fully ramped up. Lenders often want a committed offtake or long-term supply agreement with an anchor customer before extending this kind of debt.

Equipment financing covers machinery such as CNC machines or cleanroom tooling. This type of financing enables a company to acquire equipment without paying the full cost upfront. Because the equipment itself secures the loan, it is often faster to close and cheaper than general corporate debt.

Asset-based lending, or ABL, is a revolving facility secured by receivables and inventory. ABL works well for asset-rich, working-capital-intensive businesses with uneven cash flow. That description fits a manufacturer that is ramping production but not yet billing at full scale. ABL is often the tool that lets a growing supplier take on a new customer contract without straining its cash position.

Mezzanine debt fills the space between senior lenders and sponsor equity. Mezzanine sits between senior debt and equity in the capital structure. It is priced higher than senior debt but lower than equity, and often includes warrants or other equity features. Public incentives add yet another layer. State and local programs, along with CHIPS Act supply chain grants, can help reduce the amount of private capital a project needs. These sources usually need to be locked in before senior lenders will close, so sequencing matters.

Coordinating all these pieces is not simple. An equipment lender, an ABL provider, a term lender and public incentives all need to work together. That means careful collateral segmentation, so each lender knows exactly what it holds a lien on.

A few factors tend to separate reshoring projects that get financed from those that stall. Signed or highly probable supply agreements with credible anchor customers matter most. Realistic ramp-up timelines, validated by independent technical review, also help. Collateral needs to be clearly segmented across equipment, receivables and real estate so multiple lenders can stack without conflict. Incentive funding should be locked in, or close to it, to reduce pressure on private capital.

This is the kind of multi-instrument structuring problem Market Street Capital is built to help manufacturers solve. Through its debt capital markets and specialty lending practice, the firm works on senior debt, asset-based lending and mezzanine structuring. These are the exact tools a reshoring manufacturer typically needs to combine.

Market Street also focuses on middle-market companies. That focus lines up well with who actually needs this kind of help: Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers benefiting from reshoring demand but too small to draw much attention from large banks or federal programs.

Market Street maintains a network of more than 8,000 investor, family office and bank contacts; network size does not indicate that any investor will participate in a given transaction. Sourcing equipment lenders, ABL providers and mezzanine capital at the same time requires that kind of reach. As an independent adviser, Market Street’s role centers on structuring facilities and negotiating terms across multiple lenders.

For manufacturers trying to turn reshoring demand into built capacity, the real constraint usually is not whether financing exists. It is whether that financing can be assembled quickly and coherently across several instruments. That coordination is the focus of Market Street’s debt capital markets advisory work. No financing outcome can be assured.

For more information about the company, visit www.MarketStreetCP.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to Market Street are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/MarketSt

Disclosures

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Any such offer may be made only pursuant to definitive offering materials and applicable transaction documents.

Nothing in this article is tax, legal or accounting advice. Readers should consult their own advisers.

Market data and third-party information are from sources believed to be reliable but have not been independently verified. No representation is made as to accuracy or completeness. Statements about financing structures are general in nature; no financing outcome can be assured.

Broker-dealer services are provided by Pickwick Capital Partners, LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

• Earth Science Tech, an expanding health-based holding company, recently announced the acquisition of Meduvo LLC, a compounding pharmacy that currently operates from a 2,000-square-foot facility in La Verne, California
• The acquisition grows the company’s network to 34 jurisdictions in the United States and establishes a strategic West Coast operational hub
• In addition to Meduvo, ETST also operates other compounding pharmacies through its specialized subsidiaries RxCompoundStore.com LLC (“RxCS”) and Mister Meds LLC

Earth Science Tech (OTC: ETST), a strategic holding company in the healthcare, pharmacy, and telemedicine sector, recently acquired Meduvo LLC, a compounding pharmacy. Meduvo currently operates from a 2,000-square-foot facility in La Verne, California, where it compounds and dispenses non-sterile medications. The acquisition expands the company’s already wide network to 34 jurisdictions in the United States and establishes a strategic West Coast operational hub (https://ibn.fm/UyyO2).

The recent acquisition aligns with Earth Science Tech’s focus on scaling its business by expanding its geographic footprint, advancing its popular telehealth and pharmacy fulfillment platforms. This focus is part of the company’s strategy to integrate the patient experience, from telemedicine to pharmacy to fulfilment, into a unified system to serve patients more effectively while building a stronger and more profitable operation (https://ibn.fm/GJNhV).

“Looking ahead, our core focus remains on optimizing the operational frameworks of our holdings to support scalable, sustainable expansion,” said Giorgio R. Saumat, CEO and Chairman of the Board, in his 2026 annual letter to shareholders (https://ibn.fm/MpgTz). “I expect every company under the ETST umbrella to expand its geographic footprint this year, and we will pursue acquisitions and/or partnerships where they help us meet that goal.”

Even with the acquisition complete, Earth Science Tech is still targeting further expansion and operational optimization: the company plans to capture broader market share and unlock long-term, high-margin revenue by initiating upgrades at Meduvo’s La Verne facility. The upgrades will ensure the facility meets strict sterility requirements, with ETST’s management targeting full regulatory certification for sterile compounding by the end of 2028. 

Earth Science Tech operates other compounding pharmacies through its specialized subsidiaries, Miami-based RxCompoundStore.com LLC (“RxCS”) and Abilene, Texas-based Mister Meds LLC. RxCS provides sterile and non-sterile medications, while Mister Meds is licensed to handle hazardous drugs and compound sterile medication. 

The addition of Meduvo into this existing network of compounding pharmacies means that the company can dispense medication across Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.EarthScienceTech.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to ETST are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/ETST

• American Fusion has added Texas Tech physicist Dr. Noah D’Amico as a Strategic Advisor.
• D’Amico’s work includes nuclear diagnostics, neutron detection, radiation measurement, vacuum systems and AI-assisted particle-track analysis.
• The company has also filed six additional U.S. patent applications, bringing its total U.S. applications to 82.
• American Fusion(TM) has begun testing its Texatron(TM) platform at Texas Tech University after completing initial laboratory preparations and verifying its remote ignition system.
• The next testing phase is expected to examine subsystems including plasma and magnetic-field control, ignition, fuel delivery and electronic components.

American Fusion(TM) (OTC: AMFN), a developer of next-generation fusion energy technologies, is expanding its scientific team and intellectual property portfolio as it moves its Texatron(TM) Fusion Engine(TM) program into a more active testing phase. The company recently appointed Dr. Noah D’Amico, a physicist and engineer at Texas Tech University, as a Strategic Advisor (https://ibn.fm/WSxwY). The appointment comes as American Fusion(TM) prepares additional Texatron(TM) evaluations at Texas Tech and seeks to strengthen the diagnostics and engineering capabilities surrounding the program.

D’Amico continues his work at Texas Tech and BlankSlate Innovation while advising American Fusion(TM). His technical background includes nuclear diagnostics, neutron detection, radiation measurements, vacuum-system design and AI-based analysis of CR-39 nuclear particle tracks. He earned his Ph.D. in Physics from Texas Tech in 2026. His dissertation focused on detection and materials advances for next-generation nuclear systems under the direction of Dr. Robert V. Duncan.

The company says D’Amico will support laboratory preparation, experimental planning, radiation diagnostics, instrumentation, data collection, measurement protocols and technical documentation associated with Texatron(TM) testing. That work is particularly important as the company transitions from engineering preparation toward the generation of experimental data.

American Fusion(TM) began its Texatron(TM) testing program at Texas Tech University in late July after completing initial laboratory preparations and verifying its remote ignition system. The company said its team also inspected the laboratory environment and evaluated the platform’s operational readiness. The testing program follows a regulatory step completed earlier in July. The Texas Department of State Health Services issued American Fusion(TM) a Certificate of Registration for Industrial Radiation Machines covering research and development activities involving registered Texatron(TM) systems at the company’s approved Texas Tech location. The registration is effective through February 2034.

The company had previously outlined plans to use specialized instrumentation to measure characteristics such as plasma temperature, plasma density, fusion reaction rates, neutron activity, voltage generation and power output.

On August 6, American Fusion(TM) announced six additional U.S. patent applications, bringing its total number of U.S. applications to 82. The new filings cover technologies including fusion confinement devices, rifled toroidal chambers, electronic pulse control and broader fusion-system architectures (https://ibn.fm/StpEN).

The patent strategy is intended to protect components of the Texatron(TM) platform rather than a single device configuration. The company says its applications address areas including reactor architecture, plasma confinement, electromagnetic systems, fuel delivery, reactor control and power management.

That approach reflects the potential importance of intellectual property in a fusion market where commercial systems may ultimately compete not only on physics but also on manufacturability, system architecture, control technologies, and energy-conversion methods.

American Fusion’s(TM) platform is being developed as an aneutronic fusion system. In conventional deuterium-tritium fusion concepts such as tokamaks, energy is largely carried by neutrons, requiring substantial attention to neutron shielding and materials degradation. Aneutronic approaches seek to produce a greater proportion of their useful energy through charged particles, potentially allowing direct conversion of particle energy into electricity rather than relying exclusively on a conventional thermal cycle. The engineering requirements, however, remain demanding, and the commercial relevance of American Fusion’s(TM) approach will depend on what its testing ultimately demonstrates.

The company is developing a 5MW pre-production Texatron(TM) system as part of this process. Earlier in 2026, American Fusion(TM) reported that fabrication partners in central Texas, had completed the structural frame for the unit, with the structure designed to accommodate wiring, controls, diagnostics, shielding and associated systems.

The company’s roadmap is also broader than a single 5MW prototype. Its Texas registration identifies multiple Texatron(TM) configurations, ranging from smaller research systems to models listed at 75MW, 100MW, 250MW, 500MW and 1GW. That scalability is central to American Fusion’s(TM) commercial thesis. Rather than positioning the technology solely as a laboratory experiment, the company is pursuing an infrastructure-grade platform that could eventually serve industrial facilities, data centers, defense applications and other customers requiring reliable power.

The next phase of testing is expected to examine subsystem performance, including control systems, ignition, fuel systems, plasma and magnetic-field control, electronic components and specialized diagnostic equipment. American Fusion(TM) says engineering and diagnostic information will be reviewed before technical updates are released.

The company is also pursuing corporate-market development initiatives, including its Form 211 application. It says it has responded to what it believes is the final round of comments and is awaiting further action toward potential eligibility for quotation on the OTCQB Market, subject to OTC Markets requirements.

For more information, visit the company’s website at www.AmericanFusionEnergy.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS: The latest news and updates relating to AMFN are available in the company’s newsroom at https://ibn.fm/AMFN